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Eleições modernas, práticas antigas

by Cris Cavalli - 0
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O sistema representativo garantiu certa convivência entre indivíduos nas suas mais variadas diferenças. Esse pacto de cessão de direitos a um ente que representasse os demais foi a melhor solução para a coexistência relativamente pacífica. Contudo, mesmo sem catapultas, espadas e flechas, as disputas eleitorais sempre emulam batalhas dos tempos das conquistas pela força
Esta é a minha sensação para cada eleição que vivo, ou que estudo, e isto ficou muito evidente nas disputas atuais no Brasil. Do início ao fim, parece-me o jogo da desconstrução mútua a todo custo. Uns para se manterem no poder e outros para chegar lá. Não é algo incomum. Quem entra na política deve saber que não há partido “bozinho” que quer se eleger só para um mandato e deixar outros tomarem conta no futuro. Todos são contra a reeleição enquanto estão na oposição, mas quando estiverem do outro lado, certamente vão desconversar.
Bom, menciono tudo isso só para chegar nos detalhes dos resultados dessas eleições.
Aliás, deixa só contar mais uma história, para a gente enteder bem essa aura de guerra existente nas eleições do sistema representativo. Vou lembrar uma passagem da vida de Andrew Jackson, o sétimo presidente dos Estados Unidos. Ele é considerado herói de guerra, além de ser chamado o primeiro “populista” norte-americano. Jackson foi fundamental na Guerra de 1812 (Estados Unidos e Inglaterra). É verdade que os nativos estadunidenses não podem nem ouvir o nome dele (com uma pesquisa rápida você saberá as razões).
Andrew Jackson era candidato à presidência, quando começou a “apanhar” diariamente dos seus adversários numa questão muito pessoal. A mulher dele, Rachel, antes havia sido casada com um outro homem. Isto foi um terror para Jackson e Rachel. É que o boato era de que Rachel não havia se divorciado antes de se casar com Andrew Jackson, por isso, era chamada de adúltera, bígama. Rachel era excelente pessoa, muito querida por todos que a conheciam. Mas ela foi tão importunada com isso que, antes da posse de Jackson, sofreu um ataque cardíaco e morreu. Trágico, né? Pois é assim que funciona política desde que os gregos e os romanos começaram a eleger representantes.
Então, as eleições no Brasil, e em qualquer lugar onde existem, replicam a luta pelo poder. É falácia o lenga-lenga de que partido A ou B estão querendo o poder pelo poder. A verdade é que todos querem o poder e nunca mais sair de lá. Por isso, fazem de tudo e mais um pouco para conquistá-lo. Uma das estratégias é a desconstrução do adversário e colocar-se como o melhor, o mais isso, o mais aquilo, e outro o pior em tudo. 
 
A saída é estar pronto para enfrentar os argumentos e contra-atacar com profundidade. Não adianta ficar na defensiva, sentindo-se coitadinho. Eleições são batalhas e requerem competidores fortes, destemidos. Não adianta ficar na expectativa normativa de que não deveria ser sim. Pois é, não deveria, mas é.
De todo este cenário, tiramos o mote para entender a virada de Aécio Neves em relação à Marina Silva. A morte de Eduardo Campos elevou Marina ao status de favorita de uma hora para outra. Aécio, do tradicional PSDB, ficou a perigo. Seria a primeira vez nos últimos anos que os tucanos ficariam fora da disputa pelo Planalto. Mas, como disse, política não é uma coisinha insignificante. Quanto mais democrática é a nação, mais densas tendem ser as disputas, ainda mais numa sociedade tão fragmentada como a brasileira. É uma fragmentação não apenas social e econômica, mas do ponto de vista da moral e dos costumes. E foi aí que a Marina virou vidraça. Via cada um dos seus projetos sendo vorazmente atacados, tanto por Aécio quanto por Dilma, que também se via ameaçada pela ambientalista.
Com o passar dos dias, a “curva” da Marina começou a ficar negativa, enquanto a de Aécio virava para cima. Isto foi detectado pelos partidos nas pesquisas internas, inclusive pelo PSB. Num caso desses, a escolha pragmática é tentar inverter a tendência, não se acomodar, não pagar para ver. Mas a Marina preferiu pagar. No final, como vimos, a conta foi alta demais para ela.
Claro, além dos constantes ataques que a Marina sofreu de todosos os lados, ela ainda tinha uma fraqueza: pouca capilaridade partidária. Numa disputa como esta, quanto maior é o partido, melhores são suas chances numa batalha cabeça à cabeça. Por exemplo, o PSDB é o partido com o maior número de prefeituras, uma grande bancada de vereadores, deputados estaduais, federais, mais uma significativa militância. É uma exponencial diferença num cenário como o dos últimos dias da campanha. E, ao que parece, fez a diferença em favor de Aécio.
Agora, seguem-se as batalhas da “guerra” eleitoral. O segundo turno entre Aécio e Dilma será muito, muito tenso. Possivelmente, uma disputa nariz a nariz até o fim. A esperança romântica e normativa de uma campanha propositiva só será realidade no faz de conta. Na verdade, veremos uma intensificação dos ataques, da desconstrução mútua. Talvez assuntos ligados à corrupção e à economia dominem os debates. Tanto Aécio quanto Dilma terão muita “bala na agulha” nesses quesitos.
Vamos ver como será. Apesar da belicosidade, o bom de tudo é que quem vai decidir mesmo é o eleitor. Então, quem tiver mais voto leva. É emocionante, apaixonante, racional e irracional. É mesmo uma guerra. E é interessante que de Pompeu a Júlio Cesar, até George Washington, as vitórias nos campos de guerra de fato foram pré-requisitos para se tornarem líderes políticos tão importantes para seus povos. Portanto, são mesmo “eleições modernas, práticas antigas”, mesmo que metaforicamente.
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